John Whitmer, History, 1831–circa 1847

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John Whitmer, History, 1831–circa 1847
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Source Note

John Whitmer
27 Aug. 1802–11 July 1878. Farmer, stock raiser, newspaper editor. Born in Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Member of German Reformed Church, Fayette, Seneca Co., New York. Baptized by Oliver Cowdery, June 1829, most likely in Seneca...
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, History, 1831–ca. 1847, as found in “The Book of John, Whitmer kept by Comma[n]d,” ca. 1838–ca. 1847; handwriting of
John Whitmer
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; ninety-six pages (two additional leaves missing); CCLA. Includes redactions, editing marks, and archival marking.

John Whitmer
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inscribed his history into a blank book containing leaves ruled with thirty-four blue-green horizontal lines (now faded). Evidence suggests there were originally twelve gatherings of twelve leaves (twenty-four pages) each. The entire fifth gathering is missing from the current volume, and one extra leaf not part of the original text block was inserted between the fourth and sixth gatherings, making 133 interior leaves in the current volume. The text block was sewn all along on recessed cords. The blank leaves measure 12¼ x 7⅞ inches (31 x 20 cm); the inscribed leaves are slightly smaller in width, having been trimmed about ⅛ inch (0.3 cm) during conservation work. The volume was constructed with front and back covers of pasteboard and likely had a hollow-back spine and quarter-leather binding. The outside covers are adorned in shell marbled paper, with gray-green body and veins of blue and red. The complete volume currently measures 12½ x 8⅛ x 1 inches (32 x 21 x 3 cm).

Details of the original state of the volume are impossible to determine because of conservation work done in the second half of the twentieth century. Initially the inscribed leaves were removed from the original boards and from the intact blank leaves of the volume and rebound separately in a modern comb binding. These inscribed leaves were later removed from this binding, reinforced along the bound edge with paper, laminated with thin paper, and bound in a modern case binding. A third conservation effort reversed the earlier work by removing the laminated material and reattaching the inscribed leaves to the blank leaves and the original boards.

The final leaf of the fourth gathering contains manuscript pages 95 and 96. The next two leaves, containing manuscript pages 97 through 100, are missing. They were removed before 1893, when Andrew Jenson, a representative of the Church Historian’s Office in Salt Lake City, inspected the volume and noted that it was missing two leaves at that point. Evidence indicates that the remaining leaves of the fifth gathering were intact but blank when Jenson inspected the volume in 1893, suggesting they were discarded during the first conservation effort in the twentieth century. The first blank leaf following manuscript page 96 does not match the texture or form of the other blank leaves, but it does bear a slight water stain matching staining found on almost all leaves within the book. It may be an extra flyleaf from either the front or back of the volume inserted after page 96, or it may be paper from a different source; in either case, it was inserted early enough to be stained with the rest of the volume. The endpapers are original and currently consist of pastedowns and single flyleaves in the front and back of the volume.

An unidentified scribe, most likely working in the nineteenth century, wrote “Church History” on the top of the front cover. A green adhesive label is affixed to the front cover. At some point, someone attempted to remove the label but succeeded in removing only portions of it. The only writing visible on the label is “HURC”, a remnant of the word “CHURCH”. The current spine of the volume was added during conservation work, and thus it is unknown whether the original spine bore a title. The recto of the front flyleaf contains several redactions or archival markings in graphite in an unknown hand: “John Whitmer | written | 1835–1838 | after 1860” and “MS History of church | 1830–1838”. The verso is blank, aside from offsetting from the first interior page and a stamped “1072” near the bottom.
Whitmer
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inscribed his history from page 1 through the bottom of page 96, at which point the narrative ends midsentence, suggesting it originally continued onto the next page. When Andrew Jenson saw the book in 1893 while visiting Missouri to gather historical information, he made a handwritten copy of the volume and provided a physical description. He wrote that “four pages or two leaves have been torn off the book, which is seen from fragments of the leaves remaining.” He also noted that “the next page left intact is 101. No other writing, however, appears on this page, nor on any of the succeeding pages.”
1
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, 68.
Comprehensive Works Cited
Whitmer, John. “The Book of John Whitmer, 1831–ca. 1846.” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894. CHL. MS 3552.
Jenson’s earlier draft stated that the page “is numbered 101.”
2
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson manuscript copy, ca. Sept. 1893, 85.
If this was the case, then the page numbered 101 was part of the fifth gathering and is now missing. At some point, likely during the early twentieth century, the leaf containing pages 95 and 96 was repaired with adhesive tape; the tape was removed during a later conservation effort.
3
The leaf currently bears remnants of this tape. A microfilm made of the manuscript in 1974 shows clear evidence of the tape. (Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” microfilm, Oct. 1974, Research Library and Archives, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Independence, MO, copy at CHL.)
“The Book of John Whitmer,” microfilm, Oct. 1974. Research Library and Archives, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Independence, MO. Copy at CHL. MS 19850.
Redactions were made by John Whitmer himself, and subsequent editing marks were made that correspond to the early twentieth-century publication of Whitmer’s history by the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. (RLDS church).
4
“Church History,” Journal of History, Jan. 1908, 43–63; Apr. 1908, 135–150; July 1908, 292–305.
“Church History.” Journal of History 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1908): 43–63.

Following his excommunication in 1838,
John Whitmer
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apparently retained possession of the history. In a January 1844 offer to sell his history to the church, Whitmer wrote that the “church history” was “at my controll but not in my Possession.”
5
John Whitmer, Far West, MO, to William W. Phelps, Nauvoo, IL, 8 Jan. 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.
JS Office Papers / Joseph Smith Office Papers, ca. 1835–1845. CHL. MS 21600.

Willard Richards
24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...
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declined the offer,
6
Willard Richards, Nauvoo, IL, to John Whitmer, Far West, MO, 23 Feb. 1844, copy, Willard Richards, Papers, CHL.
Richards, Willard. Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490.
and Whitmer certainly had the “Book of John Whitmer” after January 1844, because he updated the volume after JS’s death.

It appears
Whitmer
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retained his papers until his death in July 1878, after which his widow, Sarah Maria Jackson Whitmer, sent the “Book of John Whitmer” (though apparently not any earlier notes or drafts) and other papers to
Richmond
Area settled, ca. 1814. Officially platted as Ray Co. seat, 1827. Population in 1840 about 500. Seat of Fifth Judicial Circuit Court of Missouri; also location of courthouse and jails. JS and about sixty other Latter-day Saint men were incarcerated here while...
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, Missouri, where Whitmer’s brother
David
7 Jan. 1805–25 Jan. 1888. Farmer, livery keeper. Born near Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Raised Presbyterian. Moved to Ontario Co., New York, shortly after birth. Attended German Reformed Church. Arranged...
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resided.
7
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, [69]; “Report of Elders Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith,” Deseret News, 27 Nov. 1878, 674–675; 4 Dec. 1878, 690.
Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.
David Whitmer had possession of the volume in the 1880s, before his death in 1888.
8
“Revelation Revisers,” Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 16 July 1884, [7]; see also “The Book of Mormon,” Chicago Tribune, 17 Dec. 1885, 3.
Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1919.
Chicago Tribune. Chicago. 1847–.
In 1893, when Andrew Jenson inspected and copied the “Book of John Whitmer,” it was in the possession of David J. Whitmer, David Whitmer’s son. Following David J. Whitmer’s death, his nephew George Schweich, a grandson of David Whitmer, took possession of the material, along with the Book of Mormon printer’s manuscript and other early Latter-day Saint manuscripts.
9
Andrew Jenson et al., “Historical Landmarks,” Deseret Evening News, 26 Sept. 1888, 7; T. E. Lloyd, “The Carroll-Lloyd Expose,” Zion’s Ensign, 15 July 1893, 6; “The Book of Mormon,” New York Times, 21 Sept. 1899, 9; George Schweich, Richmond, MO, to O. R. Beardsley, 17 Jan. 1900, Miscellanea, Marie Eccles-Caine Archives of Intermountain Americana, Utah State University Special Collections, Logan; Walter W. Smith, Independence, MO, to S. A. Burgess, Independence, MO, 15 Apr. 1926, J. F. Curtis Papers, CCLA; see also Heman C. Smith, Lamoni, IA, to George Schweich, 20 July 1896, CCLA.
Zion’s Ensign. Independence, MO. 1891–.
New York Times. New York City. 1857–.
Schweich, George. Letter, Richmond, MO, to O. R. Beardsley, 17 Jan. 1900. Miscellanea, Marie Eccles-Caine Archives of Intermountain Americana, Utah State University Special Collections, Logan.
Curtis, J. F. Papers. CCLA.
Smith, Heman C. Letter, Lamoni, IA, to George Schweich, 20 July 1896. CCLA.
By 1902, the First Presidency of the RLDS church approved the purchase of papers owned by Schweich, including the “Book of John Whitmer,” the Book of Mormon printer’s manuscript, and several leaves that had been separated from Revelation Book 1.
10
“Minutes of First Presidency,” 24 Apr. 1902, CCLA; Walter W. Smith, Independence, MO, to the RLDS First Presidency, Independence, MO, 14 Sept. 1925, Whitmer Papers, CCLA; see also Source Note to Revelation Book 1.
“Minutes of First Presidency, March 1898 to September 1907, Record No. 1.” CCLA.
Whitmer Papers. CCLA.
JSP, MRB / Jensen, Robin Scott, Robert J. Woodford, and Steven C. Harper, eds. Manuscript Revelation Books. Facsimile edition. First volume of the Revelations and Translations series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2009.
The RLDS church, later renamed the Community of Christ, has maintained custody of the Whitmer history since that time.
Footnotes
[1]
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, 68.
[2]
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson manuscript copy, ca. Sept. 1893, 85.
[3]
The leaf currently bears remnants of this tape. A microfilm made of the manuscript in 1974 shows clear evidence of the tape. (Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” microfilm, Oct. 1974, Research Library and Archives, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Independence, MO, copy at CHL.)
“The Book of John Whitmer,” microfilm, Oct. 1974. Research Library and Archives, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Independence, MO. Copy at CHL. MS 19850.
[4]
“Church History,” Journal of History, Jan. 1908, 43–63; Apr. 1908, 135–150; July 1908, 292–305.
“Church History.” Journal of History 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1908): 43–63.
[5]
John Whitmer, Far West, MO, to William W. Phelps, Nauvoo, IL, 8 Jan. 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.
[6]
[7]
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, [69]; “Report of Elders Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith,” Deseret News, 27 Nov. 1878, 674–675; 4 Dec. 1878, 690.
[8]
“Revelation Revisers,” Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 16 July 1884, [7]; see also “The Book of Mormon,” Chicago Tribune, 17 Dec. 1885, 3.
Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1919.
Chicago Tribune. Chicago. 1847–.
[9]
Andrew Jenson et al., “Historical Landmarks,” Deseret Evening News, 26 Sept. 1888, 7; T. E. Lloyd, “The Carroll-Lloyd Expose,” Zion’s Ensign, 15 July 1893, 6; “The Book of Mormon,” New York Times, 21 Sept. 1899, 9; George Schweich, Richmond, MO, to O. R. Beardsley, 17 Jan. 1900, Miscellanea, Marie Eccles-Caine Archives of Intermountain Americana, Utah State University Special Collections, Logan; Walter W. Smith, Independence, MO, to S. A. Burgess, Independence, MO, 15 Apr. 1926, J. F. Curtis Papers, CCLA; see also Heman C. Smith, Lamoni, IA, to George Schweich, 20 July 1896, CCLA.
Zion’s Ensign. Independence, MO. 1891–.
New York Times. New York City. 1857–.
Schweich, George. Letter, Richmond, MO, to O. R. Beardsley, 17 Jan. 1900. Miscellanea, Marie Eccles-Caine Archives of Intermountain Americana, Utah State University Special Collections, Logan.
Curtis, J. F. Papers. CCLA.
Smith, Heman C. Letter, Lamoni, IA, to George Schweich, 20 July 1896. CCLA.
[10]
“Minutes of First Presidency,” 24 Apr. 1902, CCLA; Walter W. Smith, Independence, MO, to the RLDS First Presidency, Independence, MO, 14 Sept. 1925, Whitmer Papers, CCLA; see also Source Note to Revelation Book 1.
“Minutes of First Presidency, March 1898 to September 1907, Record No. 1.” CCLA.
Whitmer Papers. CCLA.
Historical Introduction
“I would rather not do it” was
John Whitmer
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’s reponse when JS requested in 1831 that he “keep the Church history.”
1
Whitmer, History, 24.
Whitmer, History / Whitmer, John. “The Book of John Whitmer Kept by Commandment,” ca. 1838–1847. CCLA. Available at josephsmithpapers.org.
Whitmer was no stranger to record-keeping duties; he had already assisted JS as scribe for portions of both the Book of Mormon and JS’s revision of the Bible, and about the time of his call as historian, he began scribal work on the “Book of Commandments and Revelations” (Revelation Book 1), of which he inscribed nearly all 205 pages.
2
See Historical Introduction to Revelation Book 1.
Yet the role of historian was one he was reluctant to assume, perhaps because the responsibility it carried went beyond clerical duties to writing a more comprehensive narrative. Only after asking for and receiving a revelation through JS affirming that it was God’s will that he “be appointed . . . to keep the church record and history continually” did Whitmer agree to serve as historian.
3
Revelation, ca. 8 Mar. 1831–B, in Doctrine and Covenants 63:2, 1835 ed. [D&C 47:3].
Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of the Latter Day Saints: Carefully Selected from the Revelations of God. Compiled by Joseph Smith, Oliver Cowdery, Sidney Rigdon, and Frederick G. Williams. Kirtland, OH: F. G. Williams, 1835. Also available in Robin Scott Jensen, Richard E. Turley Jr., Riley M. Lorimer, eds., Revelations and Translations, Volume 2: Published Revelations. Vol. 2 of the Revelations and Translations series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2011).
His formal appointment came a month later on 9 April 1831, when he was assigned “to keep the Church record & history by the voice of ten Elders.”
4
Minute Book 2, 9 Apr. 1831.
Minute Book 2 / “The Conference Minutes and Record Book of Christ’s Church of Latter Day Saints,” 1838, 1842, 1844. CHL. Also available at josephsmithpapers.org.

The 1831 commandment to serve as historian of the church was not the first revelation addressed to
Whitmer
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. A revelation of June 1829 instructed him to “declare repentance unto this people, that you may bring souls unto me,” and revelations in July and September 1830 urged him to diligently study and preach and promised him divine guidance in those labors.
5
Revelation, June 1829–C, in Doctrine and Covenants 40:3, 1835 ed. [D&C 15:6]; Revelation, July 1830–B, in Doctrine and Covenants 49:1, 1835 ed. [D&C 26:1]; Revelation, Sept. 1830–E, in Doctrine and Covenants 52:3, 1835 ed. [D&C 30:9–11].
Whitmer was one of eleven to sign his name as a witness of the Book of Mormon, testifying that he saw and touched the gold plates, and he was among the first members of the Church of Christ. He was a devoted Latter-day Saint, trusted with clerical and administrative assignments. Few were as well positioned to observe and record the important events of the church. Whitmer undertook his history assignment as one who accepted JS’s revelations as the word of God, and he considered himself “commanded of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” to document the rise of the church.
6
He couched much of his history in biblical language, perhaps envisioning a fifth gospel on the pattern of the New Testament, a latter-day “Book of John”—his original title for the work before appending his last name—chronicling the growth of a divine kingdom.

Documents from the early 1830s show that
Whitmer
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remained uncertain about his role as historian and that JS continually placed responsibility for keeping the official church history squarely on Whitmer’s shoulders. Eight months after the revelation commanding Whitmer to keep a history, a November 1831 revelation directed Whitmer to “continue in writing and making a history of all the important things which he shall observe and know, concerning my church” and to travel “from place to place, and from church to church, that he may the more easily obtain knowledge.”
7
Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–A, in Doctrine and Covenants 28:1–2, 1835 ed. [D&C 69:3, 7].
The next year JS wrote a letter telling Whitmer, “I exhort Bro John also to remember the commandment to him to keep a history of the church & the gathering and be sure to shew him self approoved whereunto he hath been called.”
8
JS, Hiram, OH, to William W. Phelps, [Independence, MO], 31 July 1832, copy, JS Collection, CHL.
Smith, Joseph. Collection, 1827–1846. CHL. MS 155.
In July 1833 Whitmer asked
Oliver Cowdery
3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...
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to request further instructions on record keeping, and a detailed response was sent the following January.
9
John Whitmer, Independence, MO, to JS and Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland Mills, OH, 29 July 1833, in JS Letterbook 2, pp. 52–55; Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to John Whitmer, Missouri, 1 Jan. 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 14–17.
JS Letterbook 2 / Smith, Joseph. “Copies of Letters, &c. &c.,” 1839–1843. Joseph Smith Collection, 1827–1846. CHL. MS 155, box 2, fd. 2.
Cowdery, Oliver. Letterbook, 1833–1838. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
Again in a September 1835 blessing, JS expressed concern for Whitmer’s history, promising (and reminding) the historian that he “shall make a choice record of Israel.”
10
JS to John Whitmer, Blessing, 22 Sept. 1835, in Patriarchal Blessings, 1:14.
Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

Whitmer
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worked on his history throughout the 1830s and into the 1840s as noteworthy events developed and as time allowed. On 12 June 1831, three months after the revelation appointing him to keep the church history, Whitmer began writing or at least making notes for a history.
11
Whitmer, History, 1, 25.
Summer 1831 provided ample opportunity to start the work: while two dozen elders traveled to
Missouri
Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...
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, Whitmer remained in
Ohio
French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...
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, providing him something of a sabbatical from other church duties. Whitmer’s occasional use of the present tense and disclosure of composition dates in early chapters show that he recorded some of his history contemporaneous to the events described. For example, in chapter 10 he wrote concerning conditions in
Jackson County
Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...
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, Missouri, that “Zion is prospering at presnt”—an observation he would not have made after opposition against the church grew increasingly intense in 1833. He also noted the church population in Missouri around March 1832 (“there are at this time 402, disciples living in this land Zion”) and on the next page noted, “Decmbr 1, 1832, there are now 538 individuals in this land b[e]longing to th[e] church.”
12

Although language in the first chapters of the history shows that
Whitmer
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drafted some of his narrative in the early 1830s, textual evidence indicates that the extant “Book of John Whitmer” was created no earlier than 1835 and in fact probably dates from 1838. Most of the revelations Whitmer copied into or cited in the first eight chapters (including the first copied revelation, on page 2 of his manuscript) came from the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, so the existing Whitmer history could not have been written earlier than 1835. A note at the end of page 85 dates the completion of chapter 19 in March 1838, and the entire history to that point may have been copied at the same time. (The final three chapters following chapter 19 were written after Whitmer’s 1838 excommunication, as explained later.) Chapter 12 opens with the inscription “May 10, 1838,” which Whitmer apparently intended as “May 10, 1834.” It is implausible that Whitmer mistakenly wrote a year that lay in the future; more likely, he inadvertently wrote the current year when he was copying the text, suggesting he was copying chapter 12 in 1838.
13
Historical evidence also suggests that Whitmer made the extant copy of the entire history in 1838. Following Whitmer’s excommunication in March 1838, church leaders made a concerted effort to obtain the records in his possession. This effort was partially successful: Whitmer apparently turned over a copied list of names of members who had resided in Missouri and possibly made available some minutes he had kept. Whitmer may have copied his history in order to turn it over to church leadership but then changed his mind and retained the volume. (“Names of the Members of the Church in Missouri. Then Situated Most in Caldwell County,” 2–14; Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” The Return, Sept. 1889, 133; compare items copied in Minute Book 2.)
The Scriptory Book of Joseph Smith, 1838. CHL. MS 8955.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
It is possible that the first eleven chapters of the history were copied in 1835 or 1836, but there is no explicit evidence that any of the present history was created before 1838.
14
It is not known how extensively Whitmer revised earlier drafts when creating the extant “Book of John Whitmer,” although, as noted, he retained some of his present-tense language from the early 1830s. Some passages suggest that Whitmer was writing later, as when he noted that some who were ordained to the high priesthood at a June 1831 church conference subsequently “deni[e]d the faith.” Also, when describing conditions in Jackson County, Missouri, in March 1832, he alluded to the expulsion that occurred the following year. (See Whitmer, History, 23, 28, 38.)

In his responsibility as historian,
Whitmer
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viewed himself as resuming the church record where
Oliver Cowdery
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left off. Whitmer opened his history noting, “I shall proceed to continue this record,” and he explained in chapter 6, “Oliver Cowdery has written the commencement of the church history commencing at the time of the finding of the plates, up to June 12, 1831. from this date I have written the things that I have written.” The revelation assigning Whitmer as historian supported his view that he was replacing Cowdery: “It shall be appointed unto him to keep the church record and history continually, for Oliver Cowdery I have appointed to another office.”
15
There is no other document from the time, however, indicating that Cowdery’s original record-keeping assignment included narrative history, and Whitmer’s initial focus as Cowdery’s replacement was copying revelations and apparently drafting notes and collecting other records. Whitmer may have known or assumed that Cowdery wrote a unified narrative covering the period from JS’s discovery of the gold plates to summer 1831, but no such document is extant.

John Whitmer
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’s reference to 12 June 1831 as
Oliver Cowdery
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’s stopping point corresponds to his own starting date (which he recorded on the first page of his history) but appears unrelated to an ending date for records kept by Cowdery. The March 1831 revelation officially released Cowdery from his duties, and his term of service effectively terminated even earlier, when he was called in September 1830 to leave the main body of the church and proselytize among Indians on the western frontier of the
United States
North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...
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(the account of which opens Whitmer’s history). Cowdery’s major historical account was written in 1834–1835 and published in the periodical Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. That history, composed as a series of letters to
William W. Phelps
17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...
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, focused on the period from 1823 until shortly before JS retrieved the Book of Mormon plates in 1827.
16
The published letters were copied into JS’s 1834–1836 history.
JS History, 1834–1836 / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1834–1836. In Joseph Smith et al., History, 1838–1856, vol. A-1, back of book (earliest numbering), 9–20, 46–187. Historian's Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, box 1, vol. 1.
As noted above, Whitmer’s history cited the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, meaning that the extant version of chapter 6 was written no earlier than 1835. Therefore, when Whitmer referred to Cowdery’s historical writings, beginning “at the time of the finding of the plates,” he may have been referring in part to Cowdery’s Messenger and Advocate letters.

Early in his work,
Whitmer
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settled upon a format that combined narrative history with significant revelations, letters, petitions, and other documents. He copied many of these documents in full and noted that others should be inserted. In the first eight chapters, Whitmer documented the church’s rise in
Kirtland
Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...
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, Ohio, by incorporating sixteen revelations conveyed by JS between 7 December 1830 and 15 June 1831.
17
The revelations dating from this time period but not included by Whitmer in his history are as follows: Revelation, 9 Dec. 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 57, 1835 ed. [D&C 36]; Revelation, 5 Jan. 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 59, 1835 ed. [D&C 39]; Revelation, 6 Jan. 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 60, 1835 ed. [D&C 40]; Revelation, 15 May 1831, in Revelation Book 1, p. 85; Revelation, 20 May 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 23, 1835 ed. [D&C 51]; Revelation, 8 June 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 66, 1835 ed. [D&C 53]; and Revelation, 14 June 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 68, 1835 ed. [D&C 55]. These seven revelations were directed to individuals and not to the church as a whole.
Revelation Book 1 / “A Book of Commandments and Revelations of the Lord Given to Joseph the Seer and Others by the Inspiration of God and Gift and Power of the Holy Ghost Which Beareth Re[c]ord of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost Which Is One God Infinite and Eternal World without End Amen,” 1831–1835. CHL.
Letters from
Oliver Cowdery
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and
Sidney Rigdon
19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...
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form part of chapter 9, which describes the establishment of the city of
Zion
A specific location in Missouri; also a literal or figurative gathering of believers in Jesus Christ, characterized by adherence to ideals of harmony, equality, and purity. In JS’s earliest revelations “the cause of Zion” was used to broadly describe the ...
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in
Jackson County
Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...
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, Missouri, in summer 1831. Beginning with chapter 10, Whitmer’s history turns to letters, military communications, and petitions relevant to the conflicts that arose between the Latter-day Saints and neighboring Missourians starting in 1832 and that culminated with the expulsion of the Saints from Jackson County in November 1833. Whitmer documented in particular the Mormons’ unsuccessful efforts to obtain government assistance to be restored to their Jackson County properties, through the courts, through appeals to
Missouri
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governor
Daniel Dunklin
14 Jan. 1790–25 July 1844. Farmer, tavern owner, businessman, investor, lawyer, politician. Born near Greenville, Greenville District, South Carolina. Son of Joseph Dunklin Jr. and Sarah Margaret Sullivan. Moved to what became Caldwell Co., Kentucky, 1806...
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, and through a petition to
United States
North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...
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president Andrew Jackson. Chapters 15–18 return to events in Kirtland, where Whitmer journeyed in 1835 to participate in the activities leading up to the dedication of the
House of the Lord
JS revelation, dated Jan. 1831, directed Latter-day Saints to migrate to Ohio, where they would “be endowed with power from on high.” In Dec. 1832, JS revelation directed Saints to “establish . . . an house of God.” JS revelation, dated 1 June 1833, chastened...
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; the last document Whitmer selected to be inserted in the history is the Messenger and Advocate account of the dedication in March 1836. Chapter 19 documents the subsequent relocation of the Missouri Saints from
Clay County
Settled ca. 1800. Organized from Ray Co., 1822. Original size diminished when land was taken to create several surrounding counties. Liberty designated county seat, 1822. Population in 1830 about 5,000; in 1836 about 8,500; and in 1840 about 8,300. Refuge...
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to what became
Caldwell County
Located in northwest Missouri. Settled by whites, by 1831. Described as being “one-third timber and two-thirds prairie” in 1836. Created specifically for Latter-day Saints by Missouri state legislature, 29 Dec. 1836, in attempt to solve “Mormon problem.” ...
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and briefly mentions problems at Kirtland and at
Far West
Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...
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. Whitmer was accused of financial wrongdoing and excommunicated on 10 March 1838. He recorded the excommunication in chapter 19 of his history and then wrote, “Therefore I close the history of the church of Latter Day Saints, hoping that . . . I find favor in the eyes of God.” Later events would compel him to return to his history.

After his estrangement from the church,
Whitmer
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refused to relinquish the manuscript for printing. Two months after Whitmer’s excommunication, JS and
Sidney Rigdon
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wrote him:

We were desireous of honouring you by giving publicity to your notes on the history of the Church of Latter day Saints, after such corrections as we thaught would be necessary; knowing your incompetency as a historian, and that your writings coming from your pen, could not be put to the press, without our correcting them, or elce the Church must suffer reproach; Indeed Sir, we never supposed you capable of writing a history; but were willing to let it come out under your name notwithstanding it would realy not be yours but ours. We are still willing to honour you, if you can be made to know your own interest and give up your notes, so that they can be corrected, and made fit for the press. But if not, we have all the materials for another, which we shall commence this week to write[.]
18
JS and Sidney Rigdon, Far West, MO, to John Whitmer, 9 Apr. 1838. Because Whitmer copied or prepared the extant “Book of John Whitmer” from an earlier draft or notes, it is unknown whether JS and Rigdon meant for Whitmer to turn over the text now known as the “Book of John Whitmer” or whether they hoped to obtain earlier notes or sources Whitmer used for his history.
JSP, J1 / Jessee, Dean C., Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, eds. Journals, Volume 1: 1832–1839. Vol. 1 of the Journals series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2008.

There is no record of
Whitmer
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responding to the condescending letter, and church leaders soon made other arrangements.
John Corrill
17 Sept. 1794–26 Sept. 1842. Surveyor, politician, author. Born at Worcester Co., Massachusetts. Married Margaret Lyndiff, ca. 1830. Lived at Harpersfield, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 10 Jan. 1831,...
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and
Elias Higbee
23 Oct. 1795–8 June 1843. Clerk, judge, surveyor. Born at Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, 1803. Married Sarah Elizabeth Ward, 10 Sept. 1818, in Tate Township, Clermont Co. Lived at ...
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had already been assigned as historians, and within three weeks of writing to Whitmer, JS himself began to prepare a new history with the assistance of
Sidney Rigdon
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and scribe
George W. Robinson
14 May 1814–10 Feb. 1878. Clerk, postmaster, merchant, clothier, banker. Born at Pawlet, Rutland Co., Vermont. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, by 1836. Clerk and recorder for Kirtland high...
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.
19
Minute Book 2, 6 Apr. 1838; JS, Journal, 27 Apr. 1838.

Following his excommunication,
Whitmer
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was forced to move in June 1838 from the Mormon settlement of
Far West
Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...
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, Missouri. He resettled in nearby
Richmond
Area settled, ca. 1814. Officially platted as Ray Co. seat, 1827. Population in 1840 about 500. Seat of Fifth Judicial Circuit Court of Missouri; also location of courthouse and jails. JS and about sixty other Latter-day Saint men were incarcerated here while...
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, but he returned to Far West after the main body of Saints left for
Illinois
Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...
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in 1839. At some point following his separation from the church, Whitmer struck from chapter 19 not only his contrite conclusion but also his own name as one of the excommunicated Saints. He then added three chapters that were, in the words of later assistant church historian Andrew Jenson, “in altogether a different spirit.”
20
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, [70].
Whitmer accused JS and other leaders of pride, deceit, and despotism, repeating the most sensational reports coming out of the new Mormon settlement in
Nauvoo
Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....
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, Illinois.

In the 1840s, as
Willard Richards
24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...
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and
William W. Phelps
17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...
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worked in
Nauvoo
Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....
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, Illinois, to compile the history of JS and the church, Phelps apparently inquired after the history in
Whitmer
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’s possession. In January 1844, Whitmer wrote to Phelps, offering to sell his history “at a fair price.” Whitmer told Phelps that Latter-day Saint land in
Missouri
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was “going to distruction”; he proposed trading his history “for property &c. provided we can agree as to price.” Whitmer reported that the “church history,” which may have been the volume that contained the “Book of John Whitmer,” was “at my controll but not in my Possession.”
21
John Whitmer, Far West, MO, to William W. Phelps, Nauvoo, IL, 8 Jan. 1844, JS, Office Papers, CHL.
Willard Richards responded to this letter, declining the offer from Whitmer and explaining that church historians had “already compiled about 800 pages of church history . . . which covers all the ground of which you took notes, therefore anything which you have in the shape of church history would be of little or no consequence to the church at large.”
22
Continuing to write after the death of JS,
Whitmer
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at first affirmed
James J. Strang
21 Mar. 1813–ca. 26 June 1856. Teacher, lawyer, newspaper publisher, postmaster. Born in Scipio, Cayuga Co., New York. Son of Clement Strang and Abigail James. Moved to Hanover, Chautauque Co., New York, 1816. Moved to Ellington, Chautauque Co., 1836. Married...
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as the rightful leader of the Saints, but he later canceled this passage. In September 1847,
William E. McLellin
18 Jan. 1806–14 Mar. 1883. Schoolteacher, physician, publisher. Born at Smith Co., Tennessee. Son of Charles McLellin and Sarah (a Cherokee Indian). Married first Cynthia Ann, 30 July 1829. Wife died, by summer 1831. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of...
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persuaded John and
David Whitmer
7 Jan. 1805–25 Jan. 1888. Farmer, livery keeper. Born near Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Raised Presbyterian. Moved to Ontario Co., New York, shortly after birth. Attended German Reformed Church. Arranged...
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and
Hiram Page
1800–12 Aug. 1852. Physician, farmer. Born in Vermont. Married Catherine Whitmer, 10 Nov. 1825, in Seneca Co., New York. One of the Eight Witnesses of the Book of Mormon, June 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Oliver Cowdery...
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to accept ordination in a reformed Church of Christ, which they soon repudiated.
23
[William E. McLellin], “Our Tour West in 1847,” Ensign of Liberty, Aug. 1849, 99–105; [Ebenezer Robinson], “Elder David Whitmer,” The Return, Jan. 1889, 10; see also Porter, “Odyssey of William Earl McLellin,” 341–346.
Ensign of Liberty. Kirtland, OH. Mar. 1847–Aug. 1849.
Porter, Larry C. “The Odyssey of William Earl McLellin: Man of Diversity, 1806–83.” In The Journals of William E. McLellin, 1831–1836, edited by Jan Shipps and John W. Welch, 291–378. Provo, UT: BYU Studies; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
It was during this time that John Whitmer wrote the end of his history, putting forward the successorship claims of his brother David. As the main body of the Saints moved to the Great Basin, Whitmer remained in
Caldwell County
Located in northwest Missouri. Settled by whites, by 1831. Described as being “one-third timber and two-thirds prairie” in 1836. Created specifically for Latter-day Saints by Missouri state legislature, 29 Dec. 1836, in attempt to solve “Mormon problem.” ...
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and at no point did he reestablish affiliation with those who went west. He did, however, continue to affirm his witness of the gold plates.
24
Near the end of his life, Whitmer wrote regarding the printed testimony of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon, “It is the Same as it was from the beginning, and it is true. . . . I have never denied my testimony as to the Book of Mormon, under any circumstances whatever.” (Joseph R. Lambert, Lamoni, IA, to E. L. Kelley, 29 Jan. 1884, CCLA.)
Lambert, Joseph R. Letter, Lamoni, IA, to E. L. Kelley, 29 Jan. 1884. CCLA.
A prosperous farmer until his death on 11 July 1878, he left an estate of 625 acres as well as livestock and farm equipment.
25
“Executor’s or Administrator’s Inventory, Certificate, and Affidavit,” Estate of John Whitmer, 11 Oct. 1878, photocopy, private possession; Caldwell Co., MO, Probate Court, Inventories, Appraisements, Sale Bills, vol. C, pp. 91–92, microfilm 955,841; Caldwell Co., MO, Probate Court, Records, vol. D, pp. 35–38, microfilm 955,386, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.
“Executor’s or Administrator’s Inventory, Certificate, and Affidavit,” Estate of John Whitmer, 11 Oct. 1878. Photocopy. Private possession.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

The “Book of John Whitmer” illuminates many important concerns of the early church, including property issues, church discipline, the millenarian beliefs of the Latter-day Saints and their fervor in constructing
Zion
A specific location in Missouri; also a literal or figurative gathering of believers in Jesus Christ, characterized by adherence to ideals of harmony, equality, and purity. In JS’s earliest revelations “the cause of Zion” was used to broadly describe the ...
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or the “New Jerusalem,” the treatment of dissidents, and the establishment of a priesthood leadership hierarchy. It also reports on the construction and significance of the
temple
JS revelation, dated Jan. 1831, directed Latter-day Saints to migrate to Ohio, where they would “be endowed with power from on high.” In Dec. 1832, JS revelation directed Saints to “establish . . . an house of God.” JS revelation, dated 1 June 1833, chastened...
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at
Kirtland
Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...
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, the conflicts the Saints had with their neighbors in
Missouri
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, their subsequent attempts to secure redress, and aspects of succession following JS’s death.
Whitmer
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’s work is particularly significant for the revelations, petitions, and letters that form a large part of his history.
Footnotes
[1]
[2]
See Historical Introduction to Revelation Book 1.
[3]
[4]
Minute Book 2, 9 Apr. 1831.
[5]
Revelation, June 1829–C, in Doctrine and Covenants 40:3, 1835 ed. [D&C 15:6]; Revelation, July 1830–B, in Doctrine and Covenants 49:1, 1835 ed. [D&C 26:1]; Revelation, Sept. 1830–E, in Doctrine and Covenants 52:3, 1835 ed. [D&C 30:9–11].
[6]
[7]
Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–A, in Doctrine and Covenants 28:1–2, 1835 ed. [D&C 69:3, 7].
[8]
JS, Hiram, OH, to William W. Phelps, [Independence, MO], 31 July 1832, copy, JS Collection, CHL.
Smith, Joseph. Collection, 1827–1846. CHL. MS 155.
[9]
John Whitmer, Independence, MO, to JS and Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland Mills, OH, 29 July 1833, in JS Letterbook 2, pp. 52–55; Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to John Whitmer, Missouri, 1 Jan. 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 14–17.
JS Letterbook 2 / Smith, Joseph. “Copies of Letters, &c. &c.,” 1839–1843. Joseph Smith Collection, 1827–1846. CHL. MS 155, box 2, fd. 2.
Cowdery, Oliver. Letterbook, 1833–1838. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
[10]
JS to John Whitmer, Blessing, 22 Sept. 1835, in Patriarchal Blessings, 1:14.
Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.
[11]
[12]
[13]
Historical evidence also suggests that Whitmer made the extant copy of the entire history in 1838. Following Whitmer’s excommunication in March 1838, church leaders made a concerted effort to obtain the records in his possession. This effort was partially successful: Whitmer apparently turned over a copied list of names of members who had resided in Missouri and possibly made available some minutes he had kept. Whitmer may have copied his history in order to turn it over to church leadership but then changed his mind and retained the volume. (“Names of the Members of the Church in Missouri. Then Situated Most in Caldwell County,” 2–14; Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” The Return, Sept. 1889, 133; compare items copied in Minute Book 2.)
The Scriptory Book of Joseph Smith, 1838. CHL. MS 8955.
[14]
It is not known how extensively Whitmer revised earlier drafts when creating the extant “Book of John Whitmer,” although, as noted, he retained some of his present-tense language from the early 1830s. Some passages suggest that Whitmer was writing later, as when he noted that some who were ordained to the high priesthood at a June 1831 church conference subsequently “deni[e]d the faith.” Also, when describing conditions in Jackson County, Missouri, in March 1832, he alluded to the expulsion that occurred the following year. (See Whitmer, History, 23, 28, 38.)
[15]
[16]
The published letters were copied into JS’s 1834–1836 history.
JS History, 1834–1836 / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1834–1836. In Joseph Smith et al., History, 1838–1856, vol. A-1, back of book (earliest numbering), 9–20, 46–187. Historian's Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, box 1, vol. 1.
[17]
The revelations dating from this time period but not included by Whitmer in his history are as follows: Revelation, 9 Dec. 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 57, 1835 ed. [D&C 36]; Revelation, 5 Jan. 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 59, 1835 ed. [D&C 39]; Revelation, 6 Jan. 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 60, 1835 ed. [D&C 40]; Revelation, 15 May 1831, in Revelation Book 1, p. 85; Revelation, 20 May 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 23, 1835 ed. [D&C 51]; Revelation, 8 June 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 66, 1835 ed. [D&C 53]; and Revelation, 14 June 1831, in Doctrine and Covenants 68, 1835 ed. [D&C 55]. These seven revelations were directed to individuals and not to the church as a whole.
Revelation Book 1 / “A Book of Commandments and Revelations of the Lord Given to Joseph the Seer and Others by the Inspiration of God and Gift and Power of the Holy Ghost Which Beareth Re[c]ord of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost Which Is One God Infinite and Eternal World without End Amen,” 1831–1835. CHL.
[18]
JS and Sidney Rigdon, Far West, MO, to John Whitmer, 9 Apr. 1838. Because Whitmer copied or prepared the extant “Book of John Whitmer” from an earlier draft or notes, it is unknown whether JS and Rigdon meant for Whitmer to turn over the text now known as the “Book of John Whitmer” or whether they hoped to obtain earlier notes or sources Whitmer used for his history.
JSP, J1 / Jessee, Dean C., Mark Ashurst-McGee, and Richard L. Jensen, eds. Journals, Volume 1: 1832–1839. Vol. 1 of the Journals series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2008.
[19]
Minute Book 2, 6 Apr. 1838; JS, Journal, 27 Apr. 1838.
[20]
Whitmer, “The Book of John Whitmer,” Andrew Jenson typescript, ca. Mar. 1894, [70].
[21]
John Whitmer, Far West, MO, to William W. Phelps, Nauvoo, IL, 8 Jan. 1844, JS, Office Papers, CHL.
[22]
[23]
[William E. McLellin], “Our Tour West in 1847,” Ensign of Liberty, Aug. 1849, 99–105; [Ebenezer Robinson], “Elder David Whitmer,” The Return, Jan. 1889, 10; see also Porter, “Odyssey of William Earl McLellin,” 341–346.
Ensign of Liberty. Kirtland, OH. Mar. 1847–Aug. 1849.
Porter, Larry C. “The Odyssey of William Earl McLellin: Man of Diversity, 1806–83.” In The Journals of William E. McLellin, 1831–1836, edited by Jan Shipps and John W. Welch, 291–378. Provo, UT: BYU Studies; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
[24]
Near the end of his life, Whitmer wrote regarding the printed testimony of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon, “It is the Same as it was from the beginning, and it is true. . . . I have never denied my testimony as to the Book of Mormon, under any circumstances whatever.” (Joseph R. Lambert, Lamoni, IA, to E. L. Kelley, 29 Jan. 1884, CCLA.)
Lambert, Joseph R. Letter, Lamoni, IA, to E. L. Kelley, 29 Jan. 1884. CCLA.
[25]
“Executor’s or Administrator’s Inventory, Certificate, and Affidavit,” Estate of John Whitmer, 11 Oct. 1878, photocopy, private possession; Caldwell Co., MO, Probate Court, Inventories, Appraisements, Sale Bills, vol. C, pp. 91–92, microfilm 955,841; Caldwell Co., MO, Probate Court, Records, vol. D, pp. 35–38, microfilm 955,386, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.
“Executor’s or Administrator’s Inventory, Certificate, and Affidavit,” Estate of John Whitmer, 11 Oct. 1878. Photocopy. Private possession.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
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